In the context of general physical climate risks like rising sea levels, flooding and saltwater intrusion, MACS was contracted to impleemnt a comprehensive climate change adaptation and mitigation project, considering both mitigation and resilience, identifying the main sources of emissions and resilience risks while also highlighting key priorities for the utility to consider for future investment and improvement activities.

The water utlity of PDAM Sleman in Indonesia was selected for an on-site fact finding mission to identify the specific vulnerabilities and contextual factors of Indonesia as project location, and MACS implemented a deeper analysis for hydraulic modelling, groundwater availability and physical climate risk assessment, developing a specifc hydrological model which was presented at the IWA Congress and JIA Conference of 2023.